Understanding pywws log files

The pywws software uses Python’s logging system to report errors, warnings and information that may be useful in diagnosing problems. When you run the software interactively these messages are sent to your terminal window, when running a daemon process or cron job they should be written to a log file.

This document explains some of the pywws logging messages. It’s not a complete guide, and the messages you see will depend on your weather station and configuration, but it should help you understand some of the more common ones.

Many pywws commands have a -v or --verbose option to increase the verbosity of the logging messages. This option can be repeated for even more verbosity, which may be useful when trying to diagnose a particular fault.

Here are some typical logging outputs. The first shows pywws being run interactively:

 1jim@gordon:~ $ pywws-livelog -v ~/weather/data/
 209:25:11:pywws.logger:pywws version 18.5.0, build 1541 (d505b50)
 309:25:11:pywws.logger:Python version 3.5.3 (default, Jan 19 2017, 14:11:04) [GCC 6.3.0 20170124]
 409:25:12:pywws.weatherstation:using pywws.device_libusb1
 509:25:17:pywws.calib:Using user calibration
 609:25:46:pywws.weatherstation:status {'rain_overflow': False, 'lost_connection': False}
 709:25:53:pywws.regulartasks:doing task sections ['live']
 809:25:54:pywws.service.openweathermap:OK
 909:25:54:pywws.service.openweathermap:1 record sent
1009:25:55:pywws.service.underground:server response "success"
1109:25:55:pywws.service.underground:1 record sent
1209:26:41:pywws.regulartasks:doing task sections ['live']
1309:26:42:pywws.service.openweathermap:1 record sent
1409:26:44:pywws.service.underground:1 record sent
1509:27:29:pywws.regulartasks:doing task sections ['live']
1609:27:30:pywws.service.openweathermap:1 record sent
1709:27:33:pywws.service.underground:1 record sent
1809:28:17:pywws.regulartasks:doing task sections ['live']
1909:28:19:pywws.service.openweathermap:1 record sent
2009:28:22:pywws.service.underground:1 record sent
2109:29:05:pywws.regulartasks:doing task sections ['live']
2209:29:07:pywws.service.openweathermap:1 record sent
2309:29:07:pywws.service.underground:1 record sent
2409:29:16:pywws.weatherstation:live_data new ptr: 0053a0
2509:29:16:pywws.process:Generating summary data
2609:29:17:pywws.regulartasks:doing task sections ['logged']
2709:29:17:pywws.service.wetterarchivde:server response "{'version': '6.0', 'status': 'SUCCESS'}"
2809:29:17:pywws.service.wetterarchivde:1 record sent
2909:29:17:pywws.service.cwop:OK
3009:29:17:pywws.service.cwop:1 record sent
3109:29:20:pywws.service.metoffice:OK
3209:29:20:pywws.service.metoffice:1 record sent

Note that each line begins with a time stamp, in local time. Line 1 is the command used to start pywws. Line 2 shows the pywws version. Line 3 shows the Python version. Line 4 shows which Python USB library is being used. Line 5 shows that a "user calibration" routine is being used. Line 6 shows the current value of the weather station “status” bits. This will be shown again if the status changes. Lines 7, 12, 15, 18 & 21 show that tasks in the [live] section of weather.ini are being executed. You can see from the time stamps that they happen at 48 second intervals. Line 24 shows that the station has “logged” data and moved on to the next memory address. pywws then generates summary data and executes tasks in the [logged] section of weather.ini.

The remaining lines show uploads to various weather “services” (see How to integrate pywws with various weather services). Uploads to openweathermap and underground are done every 48 seconds. Uploads to wetterarchivde, cwop, and metoffice are less frequent. The first upload to a service logs OK or a message from the server. This is not shown again unless the response changes.

When running pywws as a daemon process the logging is less verbose:

2018-05-27 10:50:40:pywws.logger:pywws version 18.5.0, build 1541 (d505b50)
2018-05-27 10:51:19:pywws.weatherstation:status {'lost_connection': False, 'rain_overflow': False}
2018-05-27 10:54:19:pywws.service.cwop:1 record(s) dropped
2018-05-27 10:54:19:pywws.service.cwop:OK
2018-05-27 10:54:19:pywws.service.wetterarchivde:server response "{'version': '6.0', 'status': 'SUCCESS'}"
2018-05-27 10:54:19:pywws.service.wetterarchivde:2 records sent
2018-05-27 10:54:20:pywws.service.openweathermap:OK
2018-05-27 10:54:20:pywws.service.openweathermap:2 records sent
2018-05-27 10:54:20:pywws.service.underground:server response "success"
2018-05-27 10:54:20:pywws.service.metoffice:OK
2018-05-27 10:54:20:pywws.service.underground:2 records sent
2018-05-27 10:54:21:pywws.service.metoffice:2 records sent
2018-05-27 11:00:31:pywws.towebsite:OK
2018-05-27 11:00:33:pywws.totwitter:OK
2018-05-27 11:54:14:pywws.weatherstation:setting station clock 14.371
2018-05-27 11:54:14:pywws.weatherstation:station clock drift -0.499934 -0.401405
2018-05-27 14:00:36:pywws.towebsite:[Errno 111] Connection refused
2018-05-27 14:01:16:pywws.towebsite:OK
2018-05-27 15:00:34:pywws.towebsite:[Errno 111] Connection refused
2018-05-27 15:17:25:pywws.towebsite:[Errno 110] Connection timed out
2018-05-27 15:18:05:pywws.towebsite:OK
2018-05-28 01:05:47:pywws.weatherstation:setting sensor clock 11.1295
2018-05-28 01:05:47:pywws.weatherstation:sensor clock drift 1.02042 0.987513
2018-05-28 01:10:29:pywws.service.metoffice:HTTPConnectionPool(host='wow.metoffice.gov.uk', port=80): Read timed out. (read timeout=60)
2018-05-28 01:11:09:pywws.service.metoffice:repeated data 2018-05-28 00:09:14
2018-05-28 01:14:25:pywws.service.metoffice:OK
2018-05-28 01:50:31:pywws.service.metoffice:HTTPConnectionPool(host='wow.metoffice.gov.uk', port=80): Read timed out. (read timeout=60)
2018-05-28 01:52:52:pywws.service.metoffice:repeated data 2018-05-28 00:49:14
2018-05-28 01:55:22:pywws.service.metoffice:HTTPConnectionPool(host='wow.metoffice.gov.uk', port=80): Read timed out. (read timeout=60)
2018-05-28 01:57:42:pywws.service.metoffice:OK
2018-05-28 09:00:38:pywws.totwitter:2 records sent
2018-05-28 10:50:07:pywws.service.metoffice:HTTPConnectionPool(host='wow.metoffice.gov.uk', port=80): Read timed out. (read timeout=60)
2018-05-28 10:50:47:pywws.service.metoffice:OK
2018-05-28 11:59:14:pywws.weatherstation:setting station clock 14.0721
2018-05-28 11:59:14:pywws.weatherstation:station clock drift -0.297843 -0.375514
2018-05-28 19:44:20:pywws.weatherstation:live_data log extended

Each line begins with a date and time stamp, in local time. Because pywws hadn’t been run for 10 minutes each service starts by uploading 2 “catchup” records, except cwop which only accepts live data so one record is dropped. At 11:00 am the first [hourly] tasks are run, uploading to a website and sending to Twitter. The 14:00 and 15:00 website uploads failed, but were successful later on.

The metoffice upload at 01:10:29 appeared to fail, but when it was retried at 01:11:09 the server said it already had the data. (Note the data timestamp is in UTC, the log message time stamp is in BST, one hour ahead.)

The remaining lines show status messages that are described in more detail below.

Clock drift

2018-05-28 01:05:47:pywws.weatherstation:setting sensor clock 11.1295
2018-05-28 01:05:47:pywws.weatherstation:sensor clock drift 1.02042 0.987513

2018-05-28 11:59:14:pywws.weatherstation:setting station clock 14.0721
2018-05-28 11:59:14:pywws.weatherstation:station clock drift -0.297843 -0.375514

These lines report how the weather station’s internal (“station”) and external (“sensor”) clocks are drifting with respect to the computer’s clock. (The 3080 class stations also have a “solar” clock as the sunlight data is sent at 60 second intervals.) These measurements are used to avoid accessing the station’s USB port at the same time as it is receiving data or logging data, as this is known to cause some stations’ USB ports to become inaccessible. The two “drift” figures are the current value (only accurate to about 1 second) and the long term average. You should ensure that the usb activity margin value in your weather.ini file is at least 0.5 seconds greater than the absolute value of the long term drift of each clock. Note that these drift values change with temperature.

The clock drifts are measured at approximately 24 hour intervals. If pywws loses synchronisation with your station it will measure them again. Doing this measurement increases the risk of causing a USB lockup, so if pywws often loses synchronisation you should try and find out why it’s happening.

Network problems

Occasionally one or more of the services and web sites you upload data to may become unavailable. This leads to error messages like these:

2018-05-28 21:03:02:pywws.service.underground:HTTPSConnectionPool(host='rtupdate.wunderground.com', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /weatherstation/updateweatherstation.php?rtfreq=48&winddir=5&softwaretype=pywws&windspeedmph=0.67&tempf=68.7&dateutc=2018-05-28+20%3A02%3A35&dewptf=65.3&action=updateraw&ID=ISURREYE4&windgustmph=2.24&PASSWORD=xxxxxxxx&baromin=30.0910&humidity=89&realtime=1&dailyrainin=0.122173&rainin=0 (Caused by NewConnectionError('<requests.packages.urllib3.connection.VerifiedHTTPSConnection object at 0xb25a3f30>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno -2] Name or service not known',))
2018-05-28 21:03:15:pywws.service.openweathermap:HTTPConnectionPool(host='api.openweathermap.org', port=80): Max retries exceeded with url: /data/3.0/measurements?appid=xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx (Caused by NewConnectionError('<requests.packages.urllib3.connection.HTTPConnection object at 0xb25a3db0>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno 101] Network is unreachable',))

2018-05-29 20:38:42:pywws.service.underground:http status: 500
2018-05-29 20:39:23:pywws.service.underground:server response "success"

2018-05-30 18:19:59:pywws.service.wetterarchivde:http status: 504
2018-05-30 18:20:39:pywws.service.wetterarchivde:server response "{'info': 'Report exists at 2018-05-30T17:19:00.000Z', 'version': '6.0', 'status': 'SUCCESS', 'log': 'dbea2445-d930-4053-89ea-20c04a5030c1'}"
2018-05-30 18:24:17:pywws.service.wetterarchivde:server response "{'version': '6.0', 'status': 'SUCCESS'}"

2018-05-31 01:50:04:pywws.service.openweathermap:('Connection aborted.', ConnectionResetError(104, 'Connection reset by peer'))
2018-05-31 01:50:44:pywws.service.openweathermap:OK

To avoid swamping the log files duplicate messages are not logged. When the response changes it is logged again.

Status

2015-09-01 21:50:21:pywws.weather_station:status {'lost_connection': True, 'rain_overflow': False}

The raw weather station data includes some “status” bits. If any of these bits changes value when pywws is running, the status value is logged. The most common problem is lost_connection: the weather station console is not receiving data from the outside sensors. Contact is often restored a few minutes later, but if not you may need to reset your weather station console by taking its batteries out. The rain_overflow bit is set when the rain gauge counter has reached its maximum value and gone back to zero.

There are 6 bits of data in the status byte whose function is not yet known. If any of these bits is set the value will be added to the reported status. Do let me know if this happens as it might enable us to find the meaning of the unused bits.

Log extended

2018-05-29 22:16:19:pywws.weatherstation:live_data log extended
2018-05-29 22:32:19:pywws.weatherstation:live_data log extended
2018-05-29 22:48:19:pywws.weatherstation:live_data log extended
2018-05-29 23:04:19:pywws.weatherstation:live_data log extended

This shows a curiosity in the weather station’s internal processing. As the internal and external sensors drift there comes a time when an external reading is expected at the same time as the station is due to log some data. To avoid a clash the station delays logging by one minute. As the external readings are at 48 second intervals this avoids the problem until 16 minutes later (with the normal 5 minute logging interval) when another one minute delay is needed. Eventually the clocks drift apart and normal operation is resumed.

The 3080 class stations also receive solar data at 60 second intervals. If this clashes with the logging time the station delays logging by one minute. Unfortunately this doesn’t help, so the station effectively stops logging data until the clocks drift apart again. If you are running pywws “live logging” then it will cover the gap by saving live readings at five minute intervals (if your logging interval is set to five minutes) until the station resumes normal operation. If you are running “hourly” logging then you may get a large gap in your data.

Rain reset

2015-08-25 13:30:51:pywws.process:2015-08-25 12:30:48 rain reset 1048.4 -> 1047.1
2015-08-25 13:35:51:pywws.process:2015-08-25 12:30:48 rain reset 1048.4 -> 1047.1
2015-08-25 13:40:51:pywws.process:2015-08-25 12:30:48 rain reset 1048.4 -> 1047.1

The raw rainfall data from the outside sensors is the total number of times the “see saw” has tipped since the external sensors were last reset (by a battery change, unless you do it quickly). This number should only ever increase, so the pywws.process module warns of any decrease in the value as it may indicate corrupted data that needs manually correcting. The logging message includes the UTC time stamp of the problem data to help you find it.

Live data missed

2015-10-30 04:49:56:pywws.weatherstation:live_data missed

Sometimes pywws fails to capture live data. This happens if a new data record is identical to the previous one so pywws doesn’t detect a change. This is unlikely to happen if you are receiving wind data properly.

Note that this is just an occasional missing “live” record though, so if it does not happen often you shouldn’t worry too much about it.

“Live log” synchronisation

If you run pywws at a high verbosity you may see messages like the following:

jim@gordon:~ $ pywws-livelog -vv ~/weather/data/
10:32:46:pywws.logger:pywws version 18.5.0, build 1541 (d505b50)
10:32:46:pywws.logger:Python version 3.5.3 (default, Jan 19 2017, 14:11:04) [GCC 6.3.0 20170124]
10:32:46:pywws.weatherstation:using pywws.device_libusb1
10:32:48:pywws.calib:Using user calibration
10:32:51:pywws.weatherstation:read period 5
10:32:51:pywws.weatherstation:delay 3, pause 0.5
10:32:52:pywws.weatherstation:status {'rain_overflow': False, 'lost_connection': False}
10:32:52:pywws.weatherstation:delay 3, pause 0.5
10:32:53:pywws.weatherstation:delay 3, pause 0.5
10:32:54:pywws.weatherstation:delay 3, pause 0.5
10:32:54:pywws.weatherstation:delay 3, pause 0.5
10:32:55:pywws.weatherstation:delay 3, pause 0.5
10:32:56:pywws.weatherstation:delay 3, pause 0.5
10:32:56:pywws.weatherstation:delay 3, pause 0.5
10:32:57:pywws.weatherstation:delay 3, pause 0.5
10:32:58:pywws.weatherstation:delay 3, pause 0.5
10:32:58:pywws.weatherstation:delay 3, pause 0.5
10:32:59:pywws.weatherstation:delay 3, pause 0.5
10:33:00:pywws.weatherstation:delay 3, pause 0.5
10:33:00:pywws.weatherstation:delay 3, pause 0.5
10:33:01:pywws.weatherstation:delay 3, pause 0.5
10:33:02:pywws.weatherstation:delay 3, pause 0.5
10:33:02:pywws.weatherstation:live_data new data
10:33:02:pywws.weatherstation:setting sensor clock 14.7283
10:33:02:pywws.regulartasks:doing task sections ['live']
10:33:03:pywws.service.underground:thread started Thread-2
10:33:03:requests.packages.urllib3.connectionpool:Starting new HTTPS connection (1): rtupdate.wunderground.com
10:33:03:pywws.service.openweathermap:thread started Thread-4
10:33:03:pywws.weatherstation:delay 3, pause 43.4936
10:33:03:requests.packages.urllib3.connectionpool:Starting new HTTP connection (1): api.openweathermap.org
10:33:03:requests.packages.urllib3.connectionpool:http://api.openweathermap.org:80 "POST /data/3.0/measurements?appid=xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx HTTP/1.1" 204 0
10:33:03:pywws.service.openweathermap:OK
10:33:03:pywws.service.openweathermap:1 record sent
10:33:04:requests.packages.urllib3.connectionpool:https://rtupdate.wunderground.com:443 "GET /weatherstation/updateweatherstation.php?baromin=29.9877&dewptf=63.2&ID=ISURREYE4&action=updateraw&dailyrainin=0&windgustmph=3.13&softwaretype=pywws&winddir=48&tempf=68.5&dateutc=2018-05-31+09%3A33%3A02&realtime=1&windspeedmph=1.57&humidity=83&rtfreq=48&PASSWORD=xxxxxxxxxxxx&rainin=0 HTTP/1.1" 200 8
10:33:04:pywws.service.underground:server response "success"
10:33:04:pywws.service.underground:1 record sent
10:33:47:pywws.weatherstation:delay 3, pause 0.5
10:33:47:pywws.weatherstation:avoid 5.795123949846001
10:33:53:pywws.weatherstation:live_data new data
10:33:53:pywws.regulartasks:doing task sections ['live']
10:33:54:pywws.weatherstation:delay 4, pause 15.0615
10:33:56:requests.packages.urllib3.connectionpool:Starting new HTTP connection (1): api.openweathermap.org
10:33:56:requests.packages.urllib3.connectionpool:http://api.openweathermap.org:80 "POST /data/3.0/measurements?appid=xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx HTTP/1.1" 204 0
10:33:56:pywws.service.openweathermap:OK
10:33:56:pywws.service.openweathermap:1 record sent
10:33:56:requests.packages.urllib3.connectionpool:Starting new HTTPS connection (1): rtupdate.wunderground.com
10:33:57:requests.packages.urllib3.connectionpool:https://rtupdate.wunderground.com:443 "GET /weatherstation/updateweatherstation.php?baromin=29.9877&dewptf=63.2&ID=ISURREYE4&action=updateraw&dailyrainin=0&windgustmph=2.24&softwaretype=pywws&winddir=38&tempf=68.5&dateutc=2018-05-31+09%3A33%3A50&realtime=1&windspeedmph=0.67&humidity=83&rtfreq=48&PASSWORD=xxxxxxxxxxxx&rainin=0 HTTP/1.1" 200 8
10:33:57:pywws.service.underground:server response "success"
10:33:57:pywws.service.underground:1 record sent
10:34:09:pywws.weatherstation:delay 4, pause 0.5
10:34:10:pywws.weatherstation:avoid 5.808650196657673
10:34:16:pywws.weatherstation:live_data new ptr: 005470
10:34:16:pywws.process:Generating summary data
10:34:16:pywws.process:daily: 2018-05-31 09:00:00
10:34:16:pywws.process:monthly: 2018-05-01 09:00:00
10:34:16:pywws.regulartasks:doing task sections ['logged']
10:34:16:pywws.service.cwop:thread started Thread-1
10:34:17:pywws.service.wetterarchivde:thread started Thread-3
10:34:17:pywws.service.metoffice:thread started Thread-5
10:34:17:pywws.weatherstation:delay 0, pause 18.132
10:34:17:requests.packages.urllib3.connectionpool:Starting new HTTP connection (1): interface.wetterarchiv.de
10:34:17:requests.packages.urllib3.connectionpool:Starting new HTTP connection (1): wow.metoffice.gov.uk
10:34:17:requests.packages.urllib3.connectionpool:http://interface.wetterarchiv.de:80 "POST /weather/ HTTP/1.1" 200 36
10:34:17:pywws.service.wetterarchivde:server response "{'status': 'SUCCESS', 'version': '6.0'}"
10:34:17:pywws.service.wetterarchivde:1 record sent
10:34:17:pywws.service.cwop:server software: b'# javAPRSSrvr 4.3.0b17'
10:34:17:pywws.service.cwop:login: "user EW4610 pass -1 vers pywws 18.5.0"
10:34:17:pywws.service.cwop:packet: "EW4610>APRS,TCPIP*:@310934z5121.90N/00015.07W_038/001g002t069r000p000b10155h83.pywws-18.5.0"
10:34:17:pywws.service.cwop:server login ack: b'# logresp EW4610 unverified, server CWOP-2'
10:34:17:pywws.service.cwop:OK
10:34:17:pywws.service.cwop:1 record sent
10:34:17:requests.packages.urllib3.connectionpool:http://wow.metoffice.gov.uk:80 "GET /automaticreading?baromin=29.9877&dewptf=63.2&softwaretype=pywws-18.5.0&dailyrainin=0.0000&windgustmph=2.24&siteid=18837259&winddir=38&tempf=68.5&dateutc=2018-05-31+09%3A34%3A13&windspeedmph=0.67&humidity=83&siteAuthenticationKey=xxxxxx&rainin=0.0000 HTTP/1.1" 200 2
10:34:17:pywws.service.metoffice:OK
10:34:17:pywws.service.metoffice:1 record sent
^C10:34:21:pywws.storage:waiting for thread Thread-2
10:34:21:pywws.storage:waiting for thread Thread-4
10:34:21:pywws.storage:waiting for thread Thread-3
10:34:21:pywws.storage:waiting for thread Thread-1
10:34:21:pywws.storage:waiting for thread Thread-5
10:34:21:pywws.storage:flushing

The “read period” message at 10:32:51 shows that the weather station has the usual 5 minute logging interval. The “delay 3, pause 0.5” messages show pywws waiting for the station to receive data from the outside sensors. The delay value is the number of minutes since the station last logged some data. The pause value is how many seconds pywws will wait before fetching data from the station again. At 10:33:02 new data is received and the “sensor” clock is set. After initiating uploads to underground and openweathermap the live logging loop sleeps for 43 seconds. The uploads happen in their own threads while the main loop is paused. At 10:33:47 the main loop resumes polling the station. Almost immediately it pauses for 5.8 seconds to avoid USB activity around the time the station should receive external data. At 10:34:10 USB activity is avoided when the station is expected to “log” data. At 10:34:16 the new memory pointer is detected and the logged data is processed. At 10:34:21 I pressed Ctrl-C to terminate the program. After shutting down the upload threads any unsaved data is flushed to file and the program finishes.

Crash with traceback

Sometimes pywws software crashes. When it does, the log file will often contain a traceback like this:

 12018-05-31 11:13:47:pywws.livelog:LIBUSB_ERROR_IO [-1]
 2Traceback (most recent call last):
 3  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/pywws-18.5.0-py3.5.egg/pywws/livelog.py", line 70, in live_log
 4    logged_only=(not tasks.has_live_tasks())):
 5  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/pywws-18.5.0-py3.5.egg/pywws/logdata.py", line 245, in live_data
 6    for data, ptr, logged in self.ws.live_data(logged_only=logged_only):
 7  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/pywws-18.5.0-py3.5.egg/pywws/weatherstation.py", line 546, in live_data
 8    new_ptr = self.current_pos()
 9  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/pywws-18.5.0-py3.5.egg/pywws/weatherstation.py", line 704, in current_pos
10    self._read_fixed_block(0x0020), self.lo_fix_format['current_pos'])
11  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/pywws-18.5.0-py3.5.egg/pywws/weatherstation.py", line 760, in _read_fixed_block
12    result += self._read_block(mempos)
13  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/pywws-18.5.0-py3.5.egg/pywws/weatherstation.py", line 748, in _read_block
14    new_block = self.cusb.read_block(ptr)
15  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/pywws-18.5.0-py3.5.egg/pywws/weatherstation.py", line 342, in read_block
16    if not self.dev.write_data(buf):
17  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages/pywws-18.5.0-py3.5.egg/pywws/device_libusb1.py", line 131, in write_data
18    0x200, 0, str_buf, timeout=50)
19  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/usb1/__init__.py", line 1390, in controlWrite
20    sizeof(data), timeout)
21  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/usb1/__init__.py", line 1366, in _controlTransfer
22    mayRaiseUSBError(result)
23  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/usb1/__init__.py", line 133, in mayRaiseUSBError
24    __raiseUSBError(value)
25  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/usb1/__init__.py", line 125, in raiseUSBError
26    raise __STATUS_TO_EXCEPTION_DICT.get(value, __USBError)(value)
27usb1.USBErrorIO: LIBUSB_ERROR_IO [-1]

Line 1 shows the exception that caused the crash. Lines 3 to 26 show where in the program the problem happened. Usually the last one is of interest, but the other function calls show how we got there. Line 27 shows the full exception. In this case it’s a USBError raised by the libusb1 library.


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